Apparatus for electrically generating pressures



Dec. 15, 1942. e. SLAYTER APPARATUS FOR ELECTRICALLY GENERATINGPRESSURES 3 Sheets-Sheet l I Filed Jan. 22, 1940 E i E W f y/v J} v V 06 v J 0 Y a gum/o cs fonaxvu,

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G. SLAYTER 2,305,500 APPARATUS FOR ELECTRICALLY GENERATING PRESSURES 7Filed Jan. 22, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Dec. 15, 1942. G. SLAYTER 2,305,500

. APPARATUS FOR ELECTRICALLY GENERATING PRESSURES Filed Jan. '22, 1940-3 Sheets-Sheet s 30 IIE 5 c figo I 07 m Patented Dec. 15, 1942 APPARATUSFOR ELECTRICALLY GENERAT- ING PRESSURES Games Slayter, Newark, Ohio,assignor to Slayter Electronic Corporation, a corporation of OhioApplication January 22, 1940, Serial No. 315,085 a 12 Claims. -Myinvention relates broadly to an apparatus for electrically generatingpressures and more particularly to an improved method and apparatus forelectrically developing relatively high velocities at relatively highemciencies.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide an improved method-andapparatus for electrically generating pressures in a, substantiallyconfined casing and delivering the generated pressures at relativelyhigh velocityand efliciency at the outlet end of the apparatus.

Another object of my invention is. to provide a cylindrical arrangementof high potential discharge electrodes coacting with correspondinglyarranged target electrodes disposed within a chamber substantiallyconforming in contour to the arrangement of the electrodes and operatingto receive fluid at one end of the chamber and deliver the fluid atrelatively high velocity and efliciency at the other end of the chamber.

A further object of my invention is to provide a cylindrical arrangementof discharge electrodes and coacting targets disposed in' a chamberhaving means at opposite ends thereof for the admission and discharge offluid whereby the fluid is injected into the chamber in arotating pathand converted from a rotating path into a substantially straight linepath at the discharge end of the chamber at relatively high efllciency.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a construction ofpressure generating apparatus comprising a chamben having electricdischarge and coacting target electrodes therein in tational velocitiesof air, introducing air in a' path coincident with the rotational pathof the air at one end of the chamber and delivering the air atrelatively high efllciency in a substantially straight line direction atthe opposite end of the chamber.

Still another object of. my invention is to provide an improvedconstruction of electronic -fan comprising a chamber having. electricdischarge and coacting target electrodes therein for developingcontinuous rotational motion in air at high velocity with means at theinlet end of the chamber for introducing air in a direction coincidentwith the direction of rotational motion generated within the chamber andmeans at the delivery end" of the chamber for reconverting therota-'tional motion of the air to straight line motion for discharge at highefliciency A still further object of my invention is to provide a systemfor generating movement of air I in a substantially confined space at avelocity in excess of the desired usable velocities and employing aportion of the generated velocity in the open atmosphere.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a system forelectrically establishing an air flow at high velocity in asubstantially confined space and discharging the air at lower velocityinto the open atmosphere.

A further object of my invention is to provide a system of electricallyproducing a whirling mass of air in a substantially confined space atrelatively high velocity and discharging a portion of the air at lowervelocity to the open atmosphere .at relatively high efilciency.

A still further object of my invention is to provide an arrangement ofshaped orifices at the intake and discharge ends of a chamber in which ahigh velocity rotating mass of air is generated by which the velocity ofthe air may be regulated and controlled at boththe intake and dischargeends of the chamber.

Other and further objects of my invention reside in an apparatus forelectrically producing mass movement of air at high velocities as setforth more fully in the following specification by reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a theoretical diagram explaining the principles of myinvention; Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the electrical circuitarrangement employed in the apparatus of my invention; Fig. 3 is a sideelevation, partially broken away at each end and illustrating parts insection and elevation; Fig. 4 is a view of the inlet end of theapparatus of my invention; Fig. 5 is a view of the outlet end of theapparatus embodying my invention; Fig. 6 is an enlarged transversesectional view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 3; F '7 is a fragmentary andforeshortened sectional view taken on line I-l of Fig. 3, illustratingone of the emitting electrodes and the manner of mounting the electrodewith respect to the intake and discharge ends of the apparatus; Fig. 8is a foreshortened transverse longitudinal section through the apparatusof my invention taken on line 8-8 of Fig. 4; Fig. 9 is a fragmentaryforeshortened longitudinal sectional view taken on line 99 of Fig. 6;and Fig. 10 illustrates in cross section one form of emitting electrodewhich may be employed in the apparatus of my invention.

My invention is directed to a system and apparatus for securingrelatively high degrees of ef ficiency in the mass movement of air andgases by electric discharge. Heretofore, increase in air velocity hasbeen obtained in electric discharge systems by employing cascadedarrangements of electrodes. There are, however, certain limitationsencountered in increasing velocity by cascading. Accordingly, I havedeparted radically from prior methods by arranging sets of emitting andtarget electrodes in a confined chamber and electrically connecting theemitting and target electrodes in selected phase relation with respectto a power source for setting up a rotating electric field. A massmovement of air at high velocity is obtained in a confined rotatingpath. This rotating mass of air obtains velocities which aresubstantially in excess of velocities required to perform the usualfunctions of cooling of air circulation. Into this rotating mass of airI direct air from a position outside of the confined chamber into therotating mass of air in a direction substantially coincident with thepath of rotation of the air. At the outlet end of the confined chamber Iprovide an arrangement of stationary blades so mounted as to turn theair from the rotational motion into a direct axial delivery. The permanent velocity head which is established by the rotating mass of airinsures delivery of air at re1-- atively high efiiciency. As an exampleof the increased efiiciency which is obtainable in employing the methodand apparatus of my invention, consider that a rotational speed oiv airwithin the chamber is established at approximately 12,000

feet per minute, and suppose it is desired to have the fan deliver airat 1000 feet per minute. In this case, the aperture between blades atthe entrance of the fan would be fifth the delivery aperture. At theentry end of the fan a like set of blades can be mounted. but in reversedirection,

so as to receive the intake air, turn the direction of motion of theintake air into the rotational motion, and accelerate the air from theintake speed of 1000 feet per minute to approximately 12,000 feet perminute. The Bernoullian reduction of pressure caused by the increase ofspeed at entrance is exactly compensated by the Bernoullian increase inpressure at delivery, and energy is conserved by the system.

Referring to the drawings in more detail, reference character Iindicates the cylindrical housing within which the rotating mass of airis recirculated for building up relatively high velocities under theaction of electric discharge. At the inlet and outlet ends of thechamber I I have indicated centrally arranged members 2 and 3 whichshape the path along which the air enters and discharges from thecylindrical casing. The arrows at 4 indicate the paths along which theair enters the confined chamber I. It will be observed, that the annularorifice through which the air enters is streamlined for the reduction ofhead resistance. It is through this annular zone that the air isdirected by means of shaped radially extending blades into a directioncoincident with the direction of the rotating field within the chamberI. At the discharge end of the chamber, I

the directional lines 5 indicate the path of the air winding I0 throughcondenser I4.

between radially extending blades by which the direction of movement ofthe air is changed from the rotating field to a direction projectingfrom the end of the chamber along an axis which is substantiallycoincident with the longitudinal axis of the chamber.

In Fig. 2' I have illustrated the manner of arranging and electricallyconnecting the electrodes for establishing the rotating field. It willbe observed that the emitters extend longitudinally of the cylindricalchamber I as designated generally at 6. The emitters 6 are disposedintermediate pairs of target electrodes 1 arranged in annular rows onopposite sides of the emitters 6. The target electrodes I are shaped toconform in curvature with the curvature of confined chamber I. The highpotential source for energizing the electrodes is obtained throughtransformer system 8 having primary winding 9 connected with the powersource and secondary winding III having the opposite ends II and I2thereof connected to alternately disposed emitters 6. The sets oftargetelectrodes I which coact with an adjacent emitter 6 are connectedto that end of secondary winding l0 which for any selected instance isat opposite potential to the potential of the emitter, the connectionbeing completed through a condenser indicated at I4. Considering any setof electrodes in the circular arrangement of electrodes, the emitters 6of one set of electrodes is connected, for example, to the end I I ofsecondary winding III, while the coacting' target electrodes 1 areconnected with the terminal I2 of secondary Thus, discharge takes placebetween the emitters Sand the coacting target electrodes I establishinga flow of air which is recirculated within the confined chamber andaugmented and increased by the successively acting coacting sets ofelectrodes arranged in the annular path, thereby setting up a rotatingfield of relatively high velocity. My-invention contemplates the use of,polyphase supply systems by which successive and repeated impulses areimparted to the mass of air for setting up a rotating field ofrelatively high velocities.

In Fig. 3 I have shown the arrangement of cylindrical chamber I mountedon a suitable support I5. The support I5 may be hollow and may beextended to a position adjacent the discharge end of the cylindricalchamber I and may connect with an annular channel, connected throughapertures with the dischargeend of the cylindrical chamber I to functionas a dust collector to receive dust and dirt which is thrown out by theair by centrifugal action. the chamber I is illustrated as provided withstream-lined annular members IG- and I1 which define an annular orificeI8 through which the air is drawn. The transversely disposed insulatedframe 20 extends across the intake end of the chamber I and provides theframing which supports the longitudinally extending emitters 6 andtarget electrodes 1. At the discharge end of the chamber I, I provideasimilar transversely disposed frame of insulated material indicated at2I and providing'supporting means for the ends rest into a pathsubstantially coincident with The inlet end of form of electrodes andthe assembly thereof may the rotating field of air within the chamber, Iarrange in the annular zone 3 a multiplicity of radially extendingblades 25. The blades 25 are shown more particularly in Fig. 7 andillustrate the manner in which the direction of the air is changed tocorrespond-with the direction of rotation of the air within the chamber.vCertain of the radially extending blades 25 are interiorly recessed asindicated at 26 to provide a support for the end of the emitters 6. Theemitters 6 have been shown generally as comprising semiconductivestreamlined body structure 21 supporting the strip 28 in which emittingpoints 29 are mounted. It will be understood that the form of emitterillustrated is merely shown by way of example and that variousconstructions of emitters may be employed in the system of my invention.For the purpose of preventing streamers or spark-over adjacent the endsof the emitters, I provide potential equalizers adjacent each end of theemitter in the form of tubular members 30 having conductive strip-likeportions connected therewith as indicated at 3|.

The target electrodes 1 are supported in opposite aligned recesses 20band 2|b in the transverse frames 20 and 2|, respectively. The racesses20b and 2|b are curved in a direction coincident with the contour of thechamber and enable the target electrodes to be compactly mounted andmaintained in position between the transverse frames 20 and 2|.

vary in structure and arrangement in order to secure in various ways therequired high velocity rotation force Permitting a portion of suchrotational force to be utilized in the development of usable velocitiesat the discharge end of the apparatus.

.' The fundamental system employed in my invention is that ofestablishing a whirling field by successive electric. discharges in acircular path in a confined chamber, thereby developing a high .velocityhead. Through the inlet end of this air. The air thus admitted to thewhirling mass It will be observed that the blades 25 are so shaped thatairinjected into the chamber is rotating in a direction coincident withthe direction of movement of the air secured by the diselectrodes.Similarly, the blades 32 at the discharge end of the chamber are shapedto turn the air from the rotational motion into a direct axial delivery.Referring to Fig. 7, the aperture between the blades 32 at the interiorof the chamber has been indicated by distance a, whereas the deliveryaperture at the discharge ends of the blades 32 has been indicated bydistance D.

In an apparatus where the rotation of the air within the chamberacquires a speed of 12,000

vfeet per minute and it is desired that the air The central closurediscs 23 and 24 are readily at the intake .35 charge of the cylindricalarrangement of the removable and replaceable by means of securing screws23a and 24a which extend into the up- I wardly extending flange portions20a and 2|a of the-transverse frames 20 and 2|, respectively.

With the end closures 23 and -24 removed, it is readily possible toarrange the emitting and target electrodes in position or to remove andreplace an electrode. Electrical connections are made to the targetelectrodes and to the emitting electrodescby means of conductors whichoccupy minimum space against theinterior 'facesof' the transverse frames20 and 2|.

I have not attempted to show the parts of the apparatus in actualproportions, but have merely ,illustrated the principles of my inventionby which high efiiciencies are obtainable by the development ofvelocities in excess of the velocity at which the air is ultimatelydischarged. The

of air is accelerated to the velocity of the whirling mass of air andthe velocity sustained for a period of time during which a substantialvelocity head is built up. At the discharge end of the chamber, thevelocity of the air is decreased and the air delivered at a velocitywhich is less than the velocity of the whirling mass of air within theconfined chamber.

While I have described my invention in one of its preferred embodiments,I' desire that it be understood that modifications may be made and thatno limitations upon my invention are intended other than may be imposedby the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates is as folthe direction of movement of the discharge within saidcasing, and means for converting the rotating motion of the stream offluid to substantially straight. line motion and delivering the fluid ina substantially straight line direction through the outlet opening insaid casing.

2. Apparatus for electrically generating pressures in a fluid mediumcomprising in combination a casing having intake and outlet openings,electric discharge and coacting target electrodes extendinglongitudinally through said casing in positions substantially tangent totransverse cir-' cular sections through said casing, said electricdischarge and coacting target electrodes being electrically connectedand energized to establish a discharge in a circular path, and meansadjacent the intake and outlet openings in said casing for controllingthe admission and discharge of fluid with respect to said casing.

3. Apparatus for electrically generating pressures in a fluid mediumcomprising in combination a casing having intake and outlet openings,electric discharge and coacting target electrodes disposed in saidcasing and electrically connected to eflect an electrical discharge in acircular path and thereby establishing a rotating velocity head in thecasing, and means adjacent the intake and outlet openings in said casingfor controlling and regulating the admission and discharge of the fluidmedium to and from said casing.

4. Apparatus for electrically generating pres-I sures in a fluid mediumcomprising in combination a casing, electric discharge and coactingtarget electrodes disposed in said casing and electrically connected andenergized for establishing a rotating velocity head, and preformed bladedevices at each end of said casing forming admission and deliveryorifices for said casing for controlling and regulating the admissionand discharge of the fluid medium to and from said casing.

5. Apparatus for electrically generating pressures in a fluid mediumcomprising in combination a casing, electric discharge and coactingtarget electrodes disposed in said casing and electrically connected andenergized for establishing a rotating velocity head, and radiallydisposed blade members at each end of said casing forming preshapedadmission and delivery orifices for said casing for controlling theadmission and discharge of the fluid medium.

6. Apparatus for electrically generating pressures in a fluid mediumcomprising in combination a casing, electric discharge and coactingtarget electrodes disposed in said casing and electrically connected andenergized for establishing a rotating velocity head, and annular zonesof radially disposed blade members at each end of said casing formingpreshaped admission and delivery orifices with respect to said casingfor controlling and regulating the admission and discharge of the fluidmedium.

7. Apparatus for electrically generating pressures in a fluid mediumcomprising in combina tion a casing, electric discharge and coactingtarget electrodes disposed in said casing and electrically connected andenergized for establishing a rotating velocity head, a multiplicity ofradially disposed blade members at each end of said casing, said blademembers being preformed to provide'means for delivering fluid mediumthrough one end of said casing in a direction substantially coincidentwith the direction in which said rotating velocity head is established,and radially disposed blade members at the discharge end of said casingshaped to receive the fluid medium from the path in which the rotatingvelocity head is established for discharging the fluid medium in adirection substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of thedischarge end of said casing.

8. In apparatus for electrically generating pressures in a fluid medium,a cylindrical casing, means for introducing fluid medium into thecylindrical casing in a direction substantially tangentially to thecylindrical side wall of the casing, means for moving the fluid mediumin a circular path in the casing including pointed electric dischargeand coacting target electrodes arranged in the casing to establishelectric dis- 9. In apparatus for electrically generating ressures in afluid medium, a casing having an intake opening for receiving afluid'medium and having an outlet opening directly opposite the intakeopening, and means located in the casing between said openings forcreating successive electric discharges in a circular path to impart awhirling motion to the fluid medium as the latter passes through thecasing from the intake opening to the outlet opening.

10. In apparatus for electrically generating pressures in a fluidmedium, a casing having an intake opening for receiving a fluid mediumand having an outlet opening through which the fluid medium isdischarged, means located in the casing between said openings forimparting a whirlcharges in a circular path in the casing, and

means remotefrom the first named means for discharging fluid medium fromthe casing.

ing motion to the fluid medium in the casing, said means comprising aplurality of electric discharge electrodes streamlined in the directionof the whirling motion 'of the fluid media and having relatively sharpemitting points, target electrodes coacting with the emitting points ofthe discharge electrodes to provide an electric discharge from thepoints to the target electrodes, said coacting discharge and targetelectrodes be- .ing arranged in the casing to provide electricdischarges in a circ'ular'path in the casing. V

11. In apparatus for electrically generating pressures in a fluidmedium, a casing having an intake opening for receiving a fluid medium,means located in the casing for imparting a whirling motion to the fluidmedium in the casing; said means comprising a plurality of electricdischarge and coacting target electrodes mounted in a circular path inthe casing in am-anner to establish electric discharges in a circularpath in the casing, and means for discharging the fluid medium from thecasing in a direction substantially parallel to the general axis of thewhirling fluid medium in the casing.

12. In apparatus for electrically generating pressures in a fluidmedium, a casing having an intake opening for receiving a fluid medium,means located in the casing for imparting a whirling motion to the fluidmedium entering said casing through the intake opening, said meanscomprising a plurality of electric discharge electrodes having pointedemitting portions, a plurality of target electrodes positioned to coactwith the emitting portions of the discharge electrodes to establishelectric discharges from the said pointed portions to the targetelectrodes, said electrodes being arranged in a circular path in thecasing to provide a whirling electric field in said casing and means fordischarging fluid medium from the fleld at a relatively lower velocityand high pressure than the fluid medium in said whirling fleld.

GAMES SLAYTER.

